Portal:Television

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The Television Portal

Flat-screen television receivers on display for sale at a consumer electronics store in 2008

Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound. Additionally, the term can refer to a physical television set, rather than the medium of transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news, and sports. The medium is capable of more than "radio broadcasting", which refers to an audio signal sent to radio receivers.

Television became available in crude experimental forms in the 1920s, but only after several years of further development was the new technology marketed to consumers. After World War II, an improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United Kingdom and the United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses, and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion. In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the U.S. and most other developed countries.

In 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set. The replacement of earlier cathode-ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays, and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s. Most television sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced the discontinuation of CRT, Digital Light Processing (DLP), plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. LEDs are being gradually replaced by OLEDs. Also, major manufacturers have started increasingly producing smart TVs in the mid-2010s. Smart TVs with integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s. (Full article...)

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"all things" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. Written and directed by lead actress Gillian Anderson, it first aired on April 9, 2000, on the Fox network. The episode is unconnected to the wider mythology of The X-Files and functions as a "Monster-of-the-Week" story. Watched by 12.18 million people, the initial broadcast had a Nielsen household rating of 7.1. The episode received mixed reviews from critics; many called the dialogue pretentious and criticized the characterization of Scully. However, viewer response was generally positive.

The series centers on Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called "X-Files". Mulder is a believer in the paranormal. The skeptical Scully was initially assigned to debunk his work, but the two have developed a deep friendship. In this episode, a series of coincidences lead Scully to meet Dr. Daniel Waterston (Nicolas Surovy), a married man with whom she had an affair while at medical school. After Waterston slips into a coma, Scully puts aside her skepticism and seeks out alternative medicine to save Waterston.

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Zenith Test Pattern
Zenith Test Pattern
Credit: Nobody of Consequence

Phonevision, also known as station KS2XBS, was an experimental television station in Chicago, Illinois, owned and operated by Zenith. It was the world's first pay television station. Zenith originally occupied the VHF Channel 2 frequencies since 1939, using this as an experimental station while they tried to perfect "PhoneVision".

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  • ... that the exclusive secret society Hamilton House from the television show Gossip Girl was based on St. Anthony Hall, a social and literary fraternity?
  • ... that when her boss told her to quit her unpaid television commenting role, Katie Phang quit her paid job instead?
  • ... that Angeline Quinto became the first Filipino singer to release a soundtrack album for a television series that featured a single artist?
  • ... that Dallas television station KDAF abandoned plans to launch a local newscast in 1994, after having already hired 20 staff, because it was to lose its Fox affiliation and be sold?
  • ... that after his movement's victory in the Cuban Revolution, television broadcasts showed Camilo Cienfuegos freeing parrots from birdcages, declaring that the birds had "a right to liberty"?
  • ... that actress Klara Höfels, known for her roles in television crime series, also produced, directed, and starred in world premieres of theatre projects in Berlin?

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Andy Warhol with President Jimmy Carter
When I got my first television set, I stopped caring so much about close personal relationships.

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Castellaneta in 2002

Daniel Louis Castellaneta (/ˌkæstələˈnɛtə/ KAST-ə-lə-NET-ə; born October 29, 1957) is an American actor and comedian. He is best known for voicing Homer Simpson on the animated series The Simpsons (as well as other characters on the show such as Grampa Simpson, Krusty the Clown, Groundskeeper Willie, Barney Gumble, Mayor Quimby, Sideshow Mel, Mr. Teeny, Santa's Little Helper, and Itchy). Castellaneta is also known for voicing Grandpa in Nickelodeon's Hey Arnold!, and has had voice roles in several other programs, including Futurama, Sibs, Darkwing Duck, The Adventures of Dynamo Duck, The Batman, Back to the Future: The Animated Series, Aladdin, Earthworm Jim, and Taz-Mania.

In 1999, he appeared in the Christmas special Olive, the Other Reindeer and won an Annie Award for his portrayal of the Postman. Castellaneta released a comedy album I Am Not Homer, and wrote and starred in a one-person show titled Where Did Vincent van Gogh? (Full article...)

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  • Image 12 Formby entertaining British troops during the Second World War The English comic, singer and actor George Formby (1904–1961) performed in many mediums of light entertainment, including film, radio and theatre. His career spanned from 1915 until December 1960. During that time he became synonymous with playing "a shy, innocent, gauche, accident-prone Lancashire lad". Formby began his working life as a jockey but always held an ambition to become a performer. In 1915, against the wishes of his father, Formby made his screen debut in the film By the Shortest of Heads. Upon his father's death in 1921, he began to build a full-time performing career, and worked predominantly on the variety circuit. In 1926 he began his music career, singing light, comical songs, and playing the ukulele or banjolele. From 1934 he increasingly worked in film, and had become a major star by the 1930s and '40s. He appeared on television for the first time in 1938 in the festive special Christmas Greetings. He became the UK's highest-paid entertainer during those decades. The film historian Brian McFarlane writes that Formby portrayed "essentially gormless incompetents, aspiring to various kinds of professional success ... and even more improbably to a middle-class girlfriend, usually in the clutches of some caddish type with a moustache. Invariably he scored on both counts". (Full article...)
    Formby entertaining British troops during the Second World War


    The English comic, singer and actor George Formby (1904–1961) performed in many mediums of light entertainment, including film, radio and theatre. His career spanned from 1915 until December 1960. During that time he became synonymous with playing "a shy, innocent, gauche, accident-prone Lancashire lad".

    Formby began his working life as a jockey but always held an ambition to become a performer. In 1915, against the wishes of his father, Formby made his screen debut in the film By the Shortest of Heads. Upon his father's death in 1921, he began to build a full-time performing career, and worked predominantly on the variety circuit. In 1926 he began his music career, singing light, comical songs, and playing the ukulele or banjolele. From 1934 he increasingly worked in film, and had become a major star by the 1930s and '40s. He appeared on television for the first time in 1938 in the festive special Christmas Greetings. He became the UK's highest-paid entertainer during those decades. The film historian Brian McFarlane writes that Formby portrayed "essentially gormless incompetents, aspiring to various kinds of professional success ... and even more improbably to a middle-class girlfriend, usually in the clutches of some caddish type with a moustache. Invariably he scored on both counts". (Full article...)
  • Image 13 McHale's Navy actors Ernest Borgnine (right) and Tim Conway (left), shown here in 1962, were the first credited guest stars. Borgnine made the most guest appearances on the show, appearing in 16 episodes before his death. In addition to the show's regular cast of voice actors, guest stars have been featured on SpongeBob SquarePants, an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. SpongeBob SquarePants chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life, which Hillenburg directed. The pilot episode first aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999. The show's thirteenth and current season premiered in 2020, and 276 episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants have aired. A series of theatrical films based on the show began in 2004 with The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. Guest voices have come from many ranges of professions, including actors, athletes, authors, musicians, and artists. The first credited guest stars were McHale's Navy actors Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway, who appeared in "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy (I)", the show's sixth episode. Borgnine and Conway have since been featured as recurring characters on the show until 2012. Rock band Ghastly Ones were the first guest stars to appear as themselves, appearing for a special musical performance in the first-season episode "Scaredy Pants". Aside from the aforementioned actors, actress Marion Ross has a recurring role as Grandma SquarePants, SpongeBob's grandmother. Borgnine has made the most appearances, guest starring 16 times. Conway has made 15 guest appearances, while Ross has appeared four times, John O'Hurley appeared three times, and John Rhys-Davies has appeared twice. Michael McKean has also appeared twice, voicing different characters. (Full article...)
    McHale's Navy actors Ernest Borgnine (right) and Tim Conway (left), shown here in 1962, were the first credited guest stars. Borgnine made the most guest appearances on the show, appearing in 16 episodes before his death.


    In addition to the show's regular cast of voice actors, guest stars have been featured on SpongeBob SquarePants, an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon. SpongeBob SquarePants chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom. Many of the ideas for the show originated in an unpublished, educational comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which Hillenburg created in the mid-1980s. He began developing SpongeBob SquarePants into a television series in 1996 upon the cancellation of Rocko's Modern Life, which Hillenburg directed. The pilot episode first aired on Nickelodeon in the United States on May 1, 1999. The show's thirteenth and current season premiered in 2020, and 276 episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants have aired. A series of theatrical films based on the show began in 2004 with The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie.

    Guest voices have come from many ranges of professions, including actors, athletes, authors, musicians, and artists. The first credited guest stars were McHale's Navy actors Ernest Borgnine and Tim Conway, who appeared in "Mermaid Man and Barnacle Boy (I)", the show's sixth episode. Borgnine and Conway have since been featured as recurring characters on the show until 2012. Rock band Ghastly Ones were the first guest stars to appear as themselves, appearing for a special musical performance in the first-season episode "Scaredy Pants". Aside from the aforementioned actors, actress Marion Ross has a recurring role as Grandma SquarePants, SpongeBob's grandmother. Borgnine has made the most appearances, guest starring 16 times. Conway has made 15 guest appearances, while Ross has appeared four times, John O'Hurley appeared three times, and John Rhys-Davies has appeared twice. Michael McKean has also appeared twice, voicing different characters. (Full article...)
  • Image 14 No. overall No. in season Title Directed by Written by Original air date Prod. code U.S. viewers (millions) '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000016-QINU`"' 36 1 "Stark Raving Dad" Rich Moore Al Jean & Mike Reiss September 19, 1991 (1991-09-19) 7F24 22.9 37 2 "Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington" Wes Archer George Meyer September 26, 1991 (1991-09-26) 8F01 20.2 38 3 "When Flanders Failed" Jim Reardon Jon Vitti October 3, 1991 (1991-10-03) 7F23 22.8 39 4 "Bart the Murderer" Rich Moore John Swartzwelder October 10, 1991 (1991-10-10) 8F03 20.8 40 5 "Homer Defined" Mark Kirkland Howard Gewirtz October 17, 1991 (1991-10-17) 8F04 20.6 41 6 "Like Father, Like Clown" Jeffrey Lynch & Brad Bird Jay Kogen & Wallace Wolodarsky October 24, 1991 (1991-10-24) 8F05 20.2 42 7 "Treehouse of Horror II" Jim Reardon Al Jean & Mike Reiss October 31, 1991 (1991-10-31) 8F02 20.0 Jeff Martin & George Meyer Sam Simon & John Swartzwelder 43 8 "Lisa's Pony" Carlos Baeza Al Jean & Mike Reiss November 7, 1991 (1991-11-07) 8F06 23.0 44 9 "Saturdays of Thunder" Jim Reardon Ken Levine & David Isaacs November 14, 1991 (1991-11-14) 8F07 24.7 45 10 "Flaming Moe's" Rich Moore & Alan Smart Robert Cohen November 21, 1991 (1991-11-21) 8F08 23.9 46 11 "Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk" Mark Kirkland Jon Vitti December 5, 1991 (1991-12-05) 8F09 21.1 47 12 "I Married Marge" Jeffrey Lynch Jeff Martin December 26, 1991 (1991-12-26) 8F10 21.9 48 13 "Radio Bart" Carlos Baeza Jon Vitti January 9, 1992 (1992-01-09) 8F11 24.2 49 14 "Lisa the Greek" Rich Moore Jay Kogen & Wallace Wolodarsky January 23, 1992 (1992-01-23) 8F12 23.2 50 15 "Homer Alone" Mark Kirkland David M. Stern February 6, 1992 (1992-02-06) 8F14 23.7 51 16 "Bart the Lover" Carlos Baeza Jon Vitti February 13, 1992 (1992-02-13) 8F16 20.5 52 17 "Homer at the Bat" Jim Reardon John Swartzwelder February 20, 1992 (1992-02-20) 8F13 24.6 53 18 "Separate Vocations" Jeffrey Lynch George Meyer February 27, 1992 (1992-02-27) 8F15 23.7 54 19 "Dog of Death" Jim Reardon John Swartzwelder March 12, 1992 (1992-03-12) 8F17 23.4 55 20 "Colonel Homer" Mark Kirkland Matt Groening March 26, 1992 (1992-03-26) 8F19 25.5 56 21 "Black Widower" David Silverman Story by : Thomas Chastain & Sam Simon Teleplay by : Jon Vitti April 9, 1992 (1992-04-09) 8F20 17.3 57 22 "The Otto Show" Wes Archer Jeff Martin April 23, 1992 (1992-04-23) 8F21 17.5 58 23 "Bart's Friend Falls in Love" Jim Reardon Jay Kogen & Wallace Wolodarsky May 7, 1992 (1992-05-07) 8F22 19.5 59 24 "Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?" Rich Moore John Swartzwelder August 27, 1992 (1992-08-27) 8F23 17.2 (Full article...)

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    No.
    overall    		No. in
    season    		TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.
    code    		U.S. viewers
    (millions)
    361"Stark Raving Dad"Rich MooreAl Jean & Mike ReissSeptember 19, 1991 (1991-09-19)7F2422.9
    372"Mr. Lisa Goes to Washington"Wes ArcherGeorge MeyerSeptember 26, 1991 (1991-09-26)8F0120.2
    383"When Flanders Failed"Jim ReardonJon VittiOctober 3, 1991 (1991-10-03)7F2322.8
    394"Bart the Murderer"Rich MooreJohn SwartzwelderOctober 10, 1991 (1991-10-10)8F0320.8
    405"Homer Defined"Mark KirklandHoward GewirtzOctober 17, 1991 (1991-10-17)8F0420.6
    416"Like Father, Like Clown"Jeffrey Lynch & Brad BirdJay Kogen & Wallace WolodarskyOctober 24, 1991 (1991-10-24)8F0520.2
    427"Treehouse of Horror II"Jim ReardonAl Jean & Mike ReissOctober 31, 1991 (1991-10-31)8F0220.0
    Jeff Martin & George Meyer
    Sam Simon & John Swartzwelder
    438"Lisa's Pony"Carlos BaezaAl Jean & Mike ReissNovember 7, 1991 (1991-11-07)8F0623.0
    449"Saturdays of Thunder"Jim ReardonKen Levine & David IsaacsNovember 14, 1991 (1991-11-14)8F0724.7
    4510"Flaming Moe's"Rich Moore & Alan SmartRobert CohenNovember 21, 1991 (1991-11-21)8F0823.9
    4611"Burns Verkaufen der Kraftwerk"Mark KirklandJon VittiDecember 5, 1991 (1991-12-05)8F0921.1
    4712"I Married Marge"Jeffrey LynchJeff MartinDecember 26, 1991 (1991-12-26)8F1021.9
    4813"Radio Bart"Carlos BaezaJon VittiJanuary 9, 1992 (1992-01-09)8F1124.2
    4914"Lisa the Greek"Rich MooreJay Kogen & Wallace WolodarskyJanuary 23, 1992 (1992-01-23)8F1223.2
    5015"Homer Alone"Mark KirklandDavid M. SternFebruary 6, 1992 (1992-02-06)8F1423.7
    5116"Bart the Lover"Carlos BaezaJon VittiFebruary 13, 1992 (1992-02-13)8F1620.5
    5217"Homer at the Bat"Jim ReardonJohn SwartzwelderFebruary 20, 1992 (1992-02-20)8F1324.6
    5318"Separate Vocations"Jeffrey LynchGeorge MeyerFebruary 27, 1992 (1992-02-27)8F1523.7
    5419"Dog of Death"Jim ReardonJohn SwartzwelderMarch 12, 1992 (1992-03-12)8F1723.4
    5520"Colonel Homer"Mark KirklandMatt GroeningMarch 26, 1992 (1992-03-26)8F1925.5
    5621"Black Widower"David SilvermanStory by : Thomas Chastain & Sam Simon
    Teleplay by : Jon Vitti    		April 9, 1992 (1992-04-09)8F2017.3
    5722"The Otto Show"Wes ArcherJeff MartinApril 23, 1992 (1992-04-23)8F2117.5
    5823"Bart's Friend Falls in Love"Jim ReardonJay Kogen & Wallace WolodarskyMay 7, 1992 (1992-05-07)8F2219.5
    5924"Brother, Can You Spare Two Dimes?"Rich MooreJohn SwartzwelderAugust 27, 1992 (1992-08-27)8F2317.2
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    Television
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    History of television: Early television stations • Geographical usage of television • Golden Age of Television • List of experimental television stations • List of years in television • Mechanical television • Social aspects of television • Television systems before 1940 • Timeline of the introduction of television in countries • Timeline of the introduction of color television in countries

    Inventors and pioneers: John Logie Baird • Alan Blumlein • Walter Bruch • Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton • Allen B. DuMont • Philo Taylor Farnsworth • Charles Francis Jenkins • Boris Grabovsky • Paul Gottlieb Nipkow • Constantin Perskyi • Boris Rosing • David Sarnoff • Kálmán Tihanyi • Vladimir Zworykin

    Technology: Comparison of display technology • Digital television • Liquid crystal display television • Large-screen television technology • Technology of television

    Terms: Broadcast television systems • Composite monitor • HDTV • Liquid crystal display television • PAL • Picture-in-picture • Pay-per-view • Plasma display • NICAM • NTSC • SECAM

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